Fig. 4: Spatially asymmetric damping effects of the LHF \({Q}_{lh}^{\prime}\) during extreme IOD events in JA. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 4: Spatially asymmetric damping effects of the LHF \({Q}_{lh}^{\prime}\) during extreme IOD events in JA.

From: Pattern asymmetry in extreme Indian Ocean dipoles shapes marine heat-height compound extremes around coastal Indonesia

Fig. 4

a Anomalous LHF (converted into °C month−1) for EXpIOD events. d Same as (a), but for EXnIOD events. b Anomalous wind speed at 10 m (m s−1) for EXpIOD events. e Same as (b), but for EXnIOD events. c Anomalous near-surface sea–air specific humidity difference (kg kg−1) for EXpIOD events. f Same as (c), but for EXnIOD events. g Decomposition of anomalous LHF off the Java coast (105°–115°E, 11°–7.5°S) for EXpIOD events. h Same as (g), but for EXnIOD events. \(-\rho {L}_{v}{C}_{e} \Delta {\overline{q}}{U}_{10}^{\prime }\) and \(-\rho {L}_{v}{C}_{e}\Delta {q}^{\prime }{\overline{U}}_{10}\) denote the wind-driven and thermodynamic contributions to LHF variations, respectively. Significant values at the 90% confidence level are stippled by black dots.

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