Table 1 Scenario description

From: Targeted carbon dioxide removal measures are essential for the cost and energy transformation of the electricity sector by 2050

Scenario name

Climate pathway (°C)

Total net CO2 trajectory

CDR options

Novel CDR amount by 2050 (GtCO2/yr)a

1.5 °C_HIGH

1.5

Net zero by mid-century. Annual net negative emission of 9 GtCO2/yr from 2055 to 2100

AR, BECCS, DACCS, DOCCS, Biochar, EW

10

1.5 °C _MODERATE

AR, BECCS, DACCS

5

1.5 °C_LOW

AR, DACCS

1

2 °C_HIGH

2

Net zero before 2070. Annual net negative emission of 4 GtCO2/yr from 2070 to 2100

AR, BECCS, DACCS, DOCCS, Biochar, EW

4

2 °C_MODERATE

AR, BECCS, DACCS

2.5

2 °C_LOW

AR, DACCS

<1

  1. AR afforestation/reforestation, BECCS bioenergy carbon capture and storage, DACCS direct air carbon capture and storage, DOCCS direct ocean carbon capture and storage, EW enhanced weathering.
  2. aRepresents negative emissions from CDR technologies apart from AR.
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