Fig. 4: Depth profiles of C:N ratios (mol:mol), amino acid carbon content, carbohydrate carbon content, and carbohydrate:amino acid (carbo:AA) carbon ratios of particles of all size fractions (0.3 to >20 μm) in the upper 150 m.

Data are shown from two cruises in August 2021 (a–d) and November 2021 (e–h). Amino acid and carbohydrate concentrations were calculated as the sum of the individual monomers quantified. Error bars for C:N ratios represent the standard deviation and include analytical error and uncertainty associated with splitting filters by weight. Error bars for amino acids, carbohydrates, and carbo:AA ratios represent the standard deviation of replicate analyses. One sample (~50 m, large particle, August 2021) is an outlier (identified using MATLAB function ‘isoutlier’) in terms of its carbohydrate content (%POC) and carbo:AA ratio and is plotted on a broken axis because of this (c, d). Error for the carbo: AA ratio of the outlier is ±0.55 molC/molC (not shown).