Fig. 4: Contrasting evolution of ENSO teleconnection to the two flavors of the NTA mode in recent decades. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 4: Contrasting evolution of ENSO teleconnection to the two flavors of the NTA mode in recent decades.

From: Basin-wide and coastal modes of north tropical Atlantic variability have distinct impacts on hurricanes

Fig. 4

a Time series of 31-year running correlation coefficient between DJF-averaged Niño3.4 with subsequent MAM BNTA (red line) and CNTA (blue line) index during the period of 1950–2024. The x-axis indicates the central year of 31-year running window (for example, coefficient at year 2000 represents the running correlation for the period of 1985–2015). Dots on each line indicate the correlation coefficient is statistically significant above the 90% confidence level. Spatial patterns of ENSO teleconnection to SST variability in the north tropical Atlantic during two different periods, represented by regression coefficients of MAM-averaged SST anomalies onto DJF-averaged Niño3.4 during the period of (b) 1965-1999 (P1) and (c) 2000–2024 (P2). The ENSO-CNTA teleconnection has been weakening since 1990s whereas the ENSO-BNTA teleconnection remains robust and stable.

Back to article page