Fig. 2: Differences in shipping season length between the multi-model mean (MMM) and the reference dataset (REF).

a–c show differences for Polar Class 6 (PC6) ships, and d–f for Open Water (OW) ships. \({R}_{{PD}}\) and \({R}_{{ND}}\) represent the ratios of areas with positive and negative differences, respectively, relative to the total Arctic Ocean area north of the Arctic Circle (at 66°34’ marked as a dashed circle in a). Numbers in orange in a denote analyzed regions: 1—Beaufort Sea, 2—Chukchi Sea, 3—East Siberian Sea, 4—Laptev Sea, 5—Kara Sea, 6—Barents Sea, 7—Greenland Sea, 8—Baffin Bay, 9—Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and 10—Central Arctic. The black star indicates the North Pole.