Fig. 6: Comparison of sea ice simulations using high-resolution (HR) and low-resolution (LR) configurations in HighResMIP for September during 1979–2014.

a and b show the differences in mean sea ice thickness (SIT) between the HR simulations and PIOMAS, and between the LR simulations and PIOMAS, respectively. c illustrates the changes in SIT bias with higher model resolution, where negative values indicate improvement (Impv). d–f present analogous analyses to (a–c), focusing on sea ice concentration (SIC) instead of SIT.