Fig. 2: Linkage between sunlit-season surface-albedo feedback and cold-season lapse-rate feedback associated heat fluxes over the Arctic in CESM2 LE.
From: The role of sea ice in present and future Arctic amplification
a Inter-ensemble relationship of the Arctic-mean sunlit season (April-to-September)-mean net downward flux change at the surface between 1951–1970 and 1991–2010 with the corresponding TOA downward shortwave radiative flux change related to surface albedo feedback. Each dot represents an ensemble member of the CESM2 LE SMBB subset. The regression slope and r2 values are presented in the upper-left corner. b Same as in (a), but for relationship between cold season (October-to-February)-mean net upward flux change at the surface and sunlit season-mean net downward flux change at the surface. c Same as in (a), but for relationship between cold season-mean lapse-rate feedback-related TOA downward longwave radiative flux change and cold season-mean net upward flux change at the surface. d Same as in (a), but for relationship between cold season-mean lapse-rate feedback-related TOA downward longwave radiative flux change and sunlit season-mean surface albedo feedback-related TOA downward shortwave radiative flux change. In (a–d), units are in W m−2. Note that in (a, c, d), TOA radiative flux changes are estimated using a radiative kernel method.
