Fig. 3: Geochemical and isotopic profiles through the upper Espanola and Serpent formations.

The CIA values are not corrected for K-metasomatism. The solid line in the CIA profile shows the average chemical composition of the source rocks48. The dashed lines denote average UCC compositions50. The gray area in the δ98/95Mo profile indicates the average Archean UCC value52. The hatched area in the δ34S profile represents the isotopic composition of the mantle53. The errors for δ98/95Mo and δ34S are in 2 SD and 1 SD, respectively, of the sample reproducibility.