Fig. 2: Staggered DID analysis: benchmark regression and parallel trends test.

a Reports the benchmark regression results. The length of the line represents the 95% confidence interval. The dots indicate the median values, where the coefficient of the benchmark regression is taken. The thickness of the lines corresponds to significance levels of 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. b Presents the parallel trends test results (detailed in Supplementary Results 1). The length of the line represents the 95% confidence interval. The dots indicate the median values, from which the regression coefficients are derived. c Provides the detailed regression results, with all regressions controlled for country and time fixed effects.