Fig. 4: Changes in coverage of sedge, grass and forb under warming.

a–c Line chart (Average ± SD, n = 4 under each treatment in year) for each functional group coverage under ambient and warming conditions with the results of two-way ANOVA (W: warming; Y: year; W × Y: interactions of warming and year). d–f Linear correlation between each functional group coverage and soil NH4+-N as well as NO3--N contents under ambient and warming in 2018, 2019, and 2021 (n = 24 for each regression). Lines in figures indicated significant linear correlation (p < 0.05).