Fig. 2: Composition of aircraft fleets for commercial aviation in Europe.

The revenue passenger-kilometers (RPK) provided from 2024-2070, distinguishing generations (gen.) by the colour of the shading. This figure shows scenarios which include hydrogen-powered aircraft (white hatching). In scenarios which do not include hydrogen-powered aircraft, all RPK are satisfied with hydrocarbon-powered aircraft. As long as the evolution of air traffic demand is identical, the distribution of RPK per generation remains the same. a, c, e RPK totals of generations are shown. b, d, f Relative shares of RPK are shown for 2040, 2055, and 2070.