Fig. 4: Summary violin plots of changes in daytime downwards shortwave radiation at the GBR ocean surface (SWDNB).

Each violin captures the spatiotemporal variability and mean (blue dashed line) of SWDNB change. a Shows all-sky SWDNB changes, b shows clear-sky only SWDNB changes. In each of a and b, the left three violins show changes for 18–28 February 2022 with varying ship emission scenarios. The right three violins (yellow) show changes for the post-FSC05–pre-FSC05 scenario in the three different simulation periods.