Table 2 Providing additional perspective to laboratory reference intervals.

From: Interpretable machine learning prediction of all-cause mortality

Feature

Reference Interval

Relative Risk Percentage (RRP)

  

1-year

3-year

5-year

10-year

Gamma glutamyl transferase

0–30 U/L

16.93%

−4.57%

−0.97%

−6.04%

Globulin, serum

20–35 g/L

5.39%

7.95%

14.73%

4.59%

Lymphocyte percent

20%–40%

15.63%

7.02%

6.55%

10.81%

Blood urea nitrogen (Male)

2.86–8.57 mmol/L

8.12%

2.92%

8.02%

21.08%

Blood urea nitrogen (Female)

2.14–7.50 mmol/L

−0.15%

3.07%

0.40%

12.16%

Albumin, serum

35–50 g/L

28.56%

49.70%

59.77%

93.48%

Blood lead

0–0.48 umol/L

100.00%

94.71%

100.00%

100.00%

Mean cell volume

80–100 fL

82.80%

75.82%

83.92%

57.26%

Alanine aminotransferase ALT (Male)

7–55 IU/L

100.00%

100.00%

100.00%

100.00%

Alanine aminotransferase ALT (Female)

7–45 IU/L

100.00%

100.00%

100.00%

100.00%

  1. The table lists the reference interval and relative risk percentage (RRP) of the selected laboratory features. RRP measures the relative risk of the feature values within the reference interval compared to the relative risk of all values. A higher RRP indicates that the current reference interval is relatively more inappropriate. The negative value indicates that the reference interval of that laboratory feature is optimal for mortality risk. The 100% value suggests that the reference interval may be sub-optimal for mortality risk.