Fig. 4: Protein biomarker candidates from the 2nd cohort to predict a severe or critical disease in acute phase.

Plasma samples from 94 COVID-19 patients during the acute phase of disease were analyzed on antibody microarrays to identify differentially abundant proteins between patients with either a mild or moderate (MM, n = 47) or a critical or severe (CS, n = 47) disease course. The volcano plot visualizes the p values and corresponding log-fold changes (logFC). A significance level of adj. p value = 0.05 is indicated as a horizontal red line. Absolute logFC cutoffs of |logFC | > 0.5 are indicated as vertical lines. Proteins with a positive logFC had a higher abundance in CS samples, proteins with a negative value in MM samples. Two different antibodies against S10A8/A9 were included on the microarray, with both antibodies showing significant differences between CS and MM samples.