Table 1 Association between MR values, disease symptoms, enzyme activity, and histopathological measurements.

From: Imaging immunomodulatory treatment responses in a multiple sclerosis mouse model using hyperpolarized 13C metabolic MRI

Ā 

Hyperpolarized [13C]Lac/Pyr

Hyperpolarized [13C]urea

T1 contrast enhancement

Disease symptomsa

Ā Ā EAE score

Ā Ā Ā Ā Pearson’s r

r = 0.45

r =ā€‰āˆ’0.05

r = 0.79

Ā Ā Ā Ā p-value

p = 0.0094 (**)

p = 0.77

p < 0.0001 (****)

Enzyme activityb

Ā Ā PDH

Ā Ā Ā Ā Equation

Y =ā€‰āˆ’0.00074X + 0.0001

Y = 0.00012Xā€‰āˆ’ā€‰5e-005

Y =ā€‰āˆ’5.9e-006X + 5e-005

Ā Ā Ā Ā r2

r2 = 0.97

r2 = 0.10

r2 = 0.50

Ā Ā Ā Ā p-value

p = 0.014 (*)

p = 0.69

p = 0.29

Ā Ā LDH

Ā Ā Ā Ā Equation

Y =ā€‰āˆ’0.00073X + 0.00031

Y = 0.00024X + 7e-005

Y = 2.03e-007X + 0.0002

Ā Ā Ā Ā r2

r2 = 0.30

r2 = 0.13

r2 = 0.00

Ā Ā Ā Ā p-value

p = 0.46

p = 0.64

p = 0.98

Immunofluorescence analysesb

Ā Ā Iba1

Ā Ā Ā Ā Equation

Y = 330Xā€‰āˆ’ā€‰16

Y =ā€‰āˆ’18X + 30

Y = 2.9X + 7

Ā Ā Ā Ā r2

r2 = 0.98

r2 = 0.01

r2 = 0.60

Ā Ā Ā Ā p-value

p = 0.013 (*)

p = 0.89

p = 0.23

Ā Ā PDK1

Ā Ā Ā Ā Equation

Y = 209Xā€‰āˆ’ā€‰13

Y = 9X + 1

Y = 2.1X + 0.3

Ā Ā Ā Ā r2

r2 = 0.92

r2 = 0.01

r2 = 0.73

Ā Ā Ā Ā p-value

p = 0.041 (*)

p = 0.92

p = 0.15

Ā Ā CD68

Ā Ā Ā Ā Equation

Y = 194Xā€‰āˆ’ā€‰11

Y =ā€‰āˆ’16X + 20

Y = 1.3X + 4

Ā Ā Ā Ā r2

r2 = 0.83

r2 = 0.02

r2 = 0.32

Ā Ā Ā Ā p-value

p = 0.09

p = 0.84

p = 0.44

Ā Ā CD3

Ā Ā Ā Ā Equation

Y = 302X āˆ’ 6

Y =ā€‰āˆ’95X + 90

Y = 2.4X + 16

Ā Ā Ā Ā r2

r2 = 0.81

r2 = 0.33

r2 = 0.42

Ā Ā Ā Ā p-value

p = 0.10

p = 0.43

p = 0.35

Ā Ā Fibrinogen

Ā Ā Ā Ā Equation

Y = 21X āˆ’ 1.4

Y = 0.25X + 1

Y = 0.3Xā€‰āˆ’ā€‰0.3

Ā Ā Ā Ā r2

r2 = 0.59

r2 = 0.00

r2 = 0.94

Ā Ā Ā Ā p-value

p = 0.19

p = 0.98

p = 0.027 (*)

Ā Ā GFAP

Ā Ā Ā Ā Equation

Y = 296Xā€‰āˆ’ā€‰5.4

Y =ā€‰āˆ’88X + 85

Y = 2X + 18

Ā Ā Ā Ā r2

p = 0.12

r2 = 0.28

r2 = 0.20

Ā Ā Ā Ā p-value

r2 = 0.77

p = 0.47

p = 0.56

Ā Ā Myelin

Ā Ā Ā Ā Equation

Y =ā€‰āˆ’284X + 73

Y = 66Xā€‰āˆ’ā€‰1

Y =ā€‰āˆ’1X + 50

Ā Ā Ā Ā r2

r2 = 0.72

r2 = 0.16

r2 = 0.16

Ā Ā Ā Ā p-value

p = 0.15

p = 0.60

p = 0.61

T1 contrast enhancementa

Ā Ā Ā Ā Pearson’s r

r = 0.54

r =ā€‰āˆ’0.07

Not applicable

Ā Ā Ā Ā p-value

p = 0.0028 (**)

p = 0.73

Not applicable

  1. PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, PDK1 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1, Iba1 ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1, GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein, EAE experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Lac/Pyr lactate-to-pyruvate ratio.
  2. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001.
  3. aAssociation was evaluated using the Pearson correlation coefficient.
  4. bAssociation was evaluated using a linear regression model.