Table 1 Meta-analysis of the effect of diet, physical activity, metformin or dietary supplement on gestational diabetes prevention.
Intervention type | Number of studies | Number of participants | Risk Ratio (95% CI) | I2 (%) | Certainty by GRADE | Downgrade explanations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diet | 17 | 7509 | 0.78 (0.65–0.94) | 45.6 | Moderate | Most studies have Some Concerns or High risk of bias |
Physical activity | 19 | 6701 | 0.70 (0.57–0.87) | 28.6 | Moderate | Most studies have Some Concerns or High risk of bias |
Diet and physical activity | 59 | 22,026 | 0.82 (0.73–0.91) | 47 | Low | Most studies have Some Concerns or a High risk of bias; High levels of heterogeneity |
Metformin | 13 | 3120 | 0.66 (0.47–0.93) | 73 | Very low | Most studies have Some Concerns or High risk of bias; High levels of heterogeneity; Egger test suggests significant publication bias |
Myoinositol | 7 | 1313 | 0.39 (0.23–0.66) | 79 | Very low | Most studies have Some Concerns or High risk of bias; Very high levels of heterogeneity |
Probiotics | 5 | 1105 | 0.87 (0.52–1.46) | 73.2 | Very low | Most studies have Some Concerns or High risk of bias; Very high levels of heterogeneity; Pooled CI crosses 1.0 suggesting imprecision |
