Fig. 1: An overview of the NASA Space Cancer Risk model and changes needed to incorporate clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) hazard ratio data.
Excess radiation risk models from the Life Span Study of the Japanese atomic bomb cohort (a) are transferred to background disease rates of the U.S. population (b), which are scaled by CHIP hazard ratio data (c) to approximate the background disease rates of average United States. background population of CHIP carriers (d). CHIP modifications are incorporated into acute gamma-ray exposure excess risk models (e). Space radiation risk (f) is estimated by scaling the acute gamma-ray risks by the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (g) and space radiation dose by the radiation quality factor (h) to obtain the tissue dose equivalent (i). Space radiation risks are estimated (j) by evaluating the excess risk of space radiation (f) as a function of the tissue-specific dose equivalent (i). The radiation quality factor, Q, is used to scale the doses from the space radiation environment to the atomic bomb exposures. The tissue dose equivalent is defined as HT = DTQ, where DT is the absorbed dose in tissue. Adapted from Simonsen and Slaba8 with express permission from the authors. Created with BioRender.com.
