Table 4 The macro-average performance metrics of DeepOpacityNet and other networks on the external validation datasets.

Dataset	Size	Network	Accuracy	Precision	Recall	F1 score	κ	AUC	AP
SiMES Dataset	5752 CFPs	VGG16	0.78	0.71	0.75	0.72	0.44	0.84	0.76
		ResNet50	0.74	0.70	0.78	0.70	0.43	0.86	0.79
		ResNet152V2	0.77	0.70	0.75	0.71	0.43	0.83	0.77
		InceptionResNetV2	0.74	0.67	0.73	0.68	0.38	0.80	0.74
		InceptionV3	0.77	0.70	0.74	0.71	0.42	0.82	0.76
		Dense201	0.80	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.40	0.80	0.75
		Xception	0.80	0.71	0.68	0.69	0.39	0.81	0.76
		DeepOpacityNet	0.83	0.75	0.71	0.73	0.46	0.86	0.80
SCES Dataset	5745 CFPs	VGG16	0.74	0.65	0.77	0.66	0.35	0.85	0.77
		ResNet50	0.75	0.67	0.80	0.68	0.39	0.88	0.80
		ResNet152V2	0.83	0.69	0.71	0.70	0.40	0.81	0.73
		InceptionResNetV2	0.78	0.66	0.74	0.68	0.37	0.80	0.72
		InceptionV3	0.82	0.68	0.73	0.70	0.40	0.82	0.74
		Dense201	0.67	0.62	0.71	0.59	0.25	0.80	0.72
		Xception	0.80	0.67	0.73	0.69	0.38	0.81	0.74
		DeepOpacityNet	0.88	0.82	0.69	0.73	0.46	0.89	0.81
SINDI Dataset	5591 CFPs	VGG16	0.82	0.69	0.77	0.71	0.43	0.85	0.76
		ResNet50	0.80	0.69	0.81	0.71	0.44	0.88	0.78
		ResNet152V2	0.87	0.73	0.66	0.69	0.38	0.83	0.73
		InceptionResNetV2	0.86	0.71	0.68	0.70	0.39	0.82	0.73
		InceptionV3	0.87	0.73	0.69	0.71	0.42	0.83	0.74
		Dense201	0.80	0.66	0.73	0.68	0.36	0.82	0.73
		Xception	0.86	0.72	0.69	0.70	0.41	0.81	0.73
		DeepOpacityNet	0.88	0.79	0.67	0.71	0.42	0.88	0.78

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