Fig. 2: Prior UTI and antibiotic exposure as a determinant of gut microbiome characteristics.
From: Intestinal microbiology and urinary tract infection associated risk in long-term aged care residents
a Principal Coordinate Analysis of the gut microbiota of stool samples from residents with prior UTI (n = 41, pink) and no prior UTI (n = 69, teal). b Bacterial species that were significantly higher in prior UTI group and no prior UTI group. LDA scores were computed using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). c Bar plot illustrating the significance and explained variance (R2) of antibiotic exposure on the gut microbiome, using PERMANOVA test on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. Antibiotic exposures were grouped according to total antibiotics, those used exclusively for UTI treatment (trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, methenamine hippurate), and those not used exclusively for UTI treatment. Three exposure periods were assessed (12 months, 6 months, and 3 months). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
