Table 3 Baseline characteristics by SARS-CoV-2 status, stratified by PCCa at 24 months (N (%), Mean (SD))

From: A 24-month National Cohort Study examining long-term effects of COVID-19 in children and young people

 

SARS-CoV-2 initial-negatives (NN; N = 4534)

SARS-CoV-2 initial-positives (PN; N = 5177)

SARS-CoV-2 positive & reinfected (PP; N = 519b)

SARS-CoV-2 negative & infected (NP; N = 2402b)

At 24 months

Not meeting PCC definition (n = 3490)

Meeting PCC definitiona (n = 1044)

Not meeting PCC definition

(n = 3893)

Meeting PCC definitiona (n = 1284)

Not meeting PCC definition

(n = 363)

Meeting PCC definitiona

(n = 156)

Not meeting PCC definition (n = 1778)

Meeting PCC definitiona

(n = 624)

Prevalence (%)

 

23.0

 

24.8

 

30.1

 

26.0

Baseline characteristics: N (%)

Sex

Male

1326 (85.0)

234 (15.0)

1548 (84.1)

292 (15.9)

145 (80.6)

35 (19.4)

676 (82.2)

146 (17.8)

Female

2164 (72.8)

810 (27.2)

2345 (70.3)

992 (29.7)

218 (64.3)

121 (35.7)

1102 (69.8)

478 (30.3)

Age at index-test (years)

11–14

1528 (80.8)

363 (19.2)

1802 (77.0)

540 (23.1)

194 (74.3)

67 (25.7)

991 (78.3)

275 (21.7)

15–17

1962 (74.2)

681 (25.8)

2091 (73.8)

744 (26.2)

169 (65.5)

89 (34.5)

787 (69.3)

349 (30.7)

Ethnicity

White

2,548 (76.5)

785 (23.6)

2903 (75.3)

953 (24.7)

284 (71.2)

115 (28.8)

1,451 (74.5)

496 (25.5)

Asian/Asian British

569 (79.0)

151 (21.0)

598 (75.8)

191 (24.2)

50 (65.8)

26 (34.2)

174 (73.1)

64 (26.9)

Mixed

184 (76.4)

57 (23.7)

204 (77.6)

59 (22.4)

16 (57.1)

12 (42.9)

88 (68.8)

40 (31.3)

Black/African/Caribbean

123 (77.9)

35 (22.2)

109 (72.2)

42 (27.8)

7 (77.8)

2 (22.2)

42 (73.7)

15 (26.3)

Other

43 (81.1)

10 (18.9)

56 (64.4)

31 (35.6)

1 (50.0)

1 (50.0)

20 (74.1)

7 (25.9)

Prefer not to say

23 (79.3)

6 (20.7)

23 (74.2)

8 (25.8)

5 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (60.0)

2 (40.0)

Region

East Midlands

237 (75.2)

78 (24.8)

288 (72.7)

108 (27.3)

30 (71.4)

12 (28.6)

131 (74.0)

46 (26.0)

East of England

758 (76.6)

231 (23.4)

663 (75.5)

215 (24.5)

53 (72.6)

20 (27.4)

473 (77.7)

136 (22.3)

London

766 (79.7)

195 (20.3)

743 (75.2)

245 (24.8)

60 (64.5)

33 (35.5)

302 (72.4)

115 (27.6)

North East

124 (77.5)

36 (22.5)

166 (79.1)

44 (21.0)

14 (77.8)

4 (22.2)

46 (68.7)

21 (31.3)

North West

385 (77.8)

110 (22.2)

458 (76.3)

142 (23.7)

45 (67.2)

22 (32.8)

171 (77.7)

49 (22.3)

South East

578 (78.6)

157 (21.4)

666 (75.4)

217 (24.6)

59 (71.1)

24 (28.9)

304 (71.2)

123 (28.8)

South West

141 (73.4)

51 (26.6)

220 (77.5)

64 (22.5)

28 (63.6)

16 (36.4)

93 (73.2)

34 (26.8)

West Midlands

302 (74.9)

101 (25.1)

373 (71.9)

146 (28.1)

38 (73.5)

12 (24.0)

141 (70.9)

58 (29.2)

Yorkshire and the Humber

199 (70.1)

85 (29.9)

316 (75.5)

103 (24.5)

36 (73.5)

13 (26.5)

117 (73.6)

42 (26.4)

IMD quintile

1 (most deprived)

540 (71.2)

218 (28.8)

585 (70.9)

240 (29.1)

74 (68.5)

34 (31.5)

219 (65.4)

116 (34.6)

2

623 (76.4)

192 (25.6)

670 (72.2)

258 (27.8)

61 (67.0)

30 (33.0)

282 (73.6)

101 (26.4)

3

657 (76.5)

202 (23.5)

688 (73.1)

253 (26.9)

58 (59.2)

40 (40.8)

333 (72.4)

127 (27.6)

4

780 (80.8)

185 (19.2)

836 (75.5)

272 (24.6)

80 (76.2)

25 (23.8)

404 (76.8)

122 (23.2)

5 (least deprived)

890 (78.3)

237 (21.7)

1114 (81.0)

261 (19)

90 (76.9)

27 (23.1)

540 (77.4)

158 (22.6)

  1. aUsing data from the questionnaire on symptoms and the EQ-5D-Y scale at the time of the questionnaire (i.e., approximately 24 months after the index PCR-test), PCC was operationalized as having at least 1 symptom and experiencing some/a lot of problems with respect to mobility, self-care, doing usual activities or having pain/discomfort or feeling very worried/sad. For the NN group we excluded the need for a positive PCR test.
  2. bFor the PP and NP groups, the timing of the (re)infection is uncertain.