Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study participants
Variable | Overall | Australia | Greece | Spain (Santander) | Spain (Seville) | Slovenia | Sweden |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | 773 | 86 | 84 | 175 | 134 | 123 | 171 |
Female, n (%) | 267 (34.5) | 32 (37.2) | 25 (29.8) | 61 (34.9) | 42 (31.3) | 42 (34.1) | 65 (38.0) |
Age, Median [IQR] | 68.0 [57.0, 78.0] | 66.0 [56.0, 79.8] | 66.5 [55.8, 75.2] | 65.0 [53.0, 78.0] | 67.0 [56.0, 77.8] | 69.0 [59.5, 79.0] | 70.0 [59.0, 77.0] |
Age group, n (%) | |||||||
18–49 | 103 (13.3) | 13 (15.1) | 13 (15.5) | 30 (17.1) | 14 (10.4) | 15 (12.2) | 18 (10.5) |
50–59 | 134 (17.3) | 14 (16.3) | 12 (14.3) | 37 (21.1) | 30 (22.4) | 16 (13.0) | 25 (14.6) |
60–69 | 180 (23.3) | 22 (25.6) | 20 (23.8) | 37 (21.1) | 32 (23.9) | 31 (25.2) | 38 (22.2) |
70–79 | 196 (25.4) | 15 (17.4) | 25 (29.8) | 33 (18.9) | 33 (24.6) | 31 (25.2) | 59 (34.5) |
≥80 | 160 (20.7) | 22 (25.6) | 14 (16.7) | 38 (21.7) | 25 (18.7) | 30 (24.4) | 31 (18.1) |
Charlson, Median [IQR] | 2.0 [1.0, 4.0] | 2.0 [1.0, 3.0] | 2.0 [1.0, 6.0] | 2.0 [2.0, 5.0] | 2.0 [0.0, 4.0] | 2.0 [0.5, 4.0] | 2.0 [2.0, 5.0] |
Charlson category, n (%) | |||||||
0–1 | 202 (26.1) | 35 (40.7) | 25 (29.8) | 30 (17.1) | 47 (35.1) | 39 (31.7) | 26 (15.2) |
2–3 | 325 (42.0) | 38 (44.2) | 26 (31.0) | 78 (44.6) | 52 (38.8) | 44 (35.8) | 87 (50.9) |
4–5 | 107 (13.8) | 10 (11.6) | 10 (11.9) | 30 (17.1) | 16 (11.9) | 21 (17.1) | 20 (11.7) |
≥6 | 139 (18.0) | 3 (3.5) | 23 (27.4) | 37 (21.1) | 19 (14.2) | 19 (15.4) | 38 (22.2) |
Malignant disease, n (%) | 363 (47.0) | 31 (36.5) | 43 (51.2) | 88 (50.3) | 49 (36.6) | 51 (41.5) | 101 (59.1) |
Immunocompromised n (%) | |||||||
Chemotherapy last 30 days | 213 (27.6) | 26 (30.2) | 32 (38.1) | 42 (24.0) | 20 (14.9) | 24 (19.5) | 69 (40.4) |
Systemic steroid treatment | 150 (19.4) | 26 (30.2) | 27 (32.1) | 47 (26.9) | 8 (6.0) | 12 (9.8) | 30 (17.5) |
Neutropenia | 183 (23.7) | 13 (15.1) | 16 (19.0) | 55 (31.4) | 28 (20.9) | 19 (15.4) | 52 (30.4) |
Solid organ transplantation | 62 (8.0) | 7 (8.1) | 0 (0.0) | 34 (19.4) | 2 (1.5) | 7 (5.7) | 12 (7.0) |
Bone marrow transplant | 21 (2.7) | 3 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (4.9) | 12 (7.0) |
Chronic dialysis | 36 (4.7) | 4 (4.7) | 5 (6.0) | 6 (3.4) | 4 (3.0) | 8 (6.5) | 9 (5.3) |
Surgery last 30 days, n (%) | 226 (29.5) | 19 (22.4) | 16 (19.0) | 67 (38.3) | 24 (18.6) | 44 (36.1) | 56 (32.7) |
Department of hospitalization, n (%) | |||||||
Surgical | 119 (15.4) | 19 (22.1) | 9 (10.7) | 25 (14.3) | 16 (11.9) | 15 (12.3) | 35 (20.5) |
Medical | 479 (62.0) | 59 (68.6) | 52 (61.9) | 104 (59.4) | 78 (58.2) | 68 (55.7) | 118 (69.0) |
Intensive Care Unit | 174 (22.5) | 8 (9.3) | 23 (27.4) | 46 (26.3) | 40 (29.9) | 39 (32.0) | 18 (10.5) |
Arrival from, n (%) | |||||||
Home | 656 (85.0) | 75 (87.2) | 74 (88.1) | 156 (89.1) | 117 (88.0) | 92 (74.8) | 142 (83.0) |
Nursing home | 55 (7.1) | 9 (10.5) | 2 (2.4) | 6 (3.4) | 10 (7.5) | 11 (8.9) | 17 (9.9) |
Another hospital | 61 (7.9) | 2 (2.3) | 8 (9.5) | 13 (7.4) | 6 (4.5) | 20 (16.3) | 12 (7.0) |
Place of acquisition, n (%) | |||||||
Unknown | 9 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 6 (4.5) | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) |
Community | 100 (12.9) | 16 (18.6) | 6 (7.1) | 15 (8.6) | 29 (21.6) | 26 (21.1) | 8 (4.7) |
Healthcare associated | 254 (32.9) | 25 (29.1) | 24 (28.6) | 55 (31.4) | 37 (27.6) | 18 (14.6) | 95 (55.6) |
Nosocomial | 410 (53.0) | 45 (52.3) | 54 (64.3) | 104 (59.4) | 62 (46.3) | 77 (62.6) | 68 (39.8) |
Length of stay, Median [IQR] | 20.0 [9.0, 41.0] | 20.0 [10.0, 43.5] | 29.0 [17.5, 52.5] | 25.0 [12.0, 44.0] | 13.0 [7.0, 30.0] | 24.5 [12.0, 53.8] | 13.0 [6.0, 30.5] |
Source of infection, n (%) | |||||||
Unknown | 142 (18.4) | 13 (15.1) | 37 (44.0) | 17 (9.7) | 26 (19.4) | 31 (25.2) | 18 (10.5) |
Abdominal | 77 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.4) | 30 (17.1) | 17 (12.7) | 12 (9.8) | 16 (9.4) |
Vascular catheter | 130 (16.8) | 21 (24.4) | 21 (25.0) | 21 (12.0) | 11 (8.2) | 19 (15.4) | 37 (21.6) |
Pulmonary | 159 (20.6) | 11 (12.8) | 14 (16.7) | 53 (30.3) | 28 (20.9) | 26 (21.1) | 27 (15.8) |
Skin/soft tissue/bone/joint | 73 (9.4) | 3 (3.5) | 4 (4.8) | 20 (11.4) | 8 (6.0) | 18 (14.6) | 20 (11.7) |
Urinary | 178 (23.0) | 29 (33.7) | 6 (7.1) | 34 (19.4) | 42 (31.3) | 16 (13.0) | 51 (29.8) |
Other | 14 (1.8) | 9 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.5) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.2) |
Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa, n (%) | 112 (14.5) | 2 (2.3) | 24 (28.6) | 45 (25.7) | 11 (8.2) | 25 (20.3) | 5 (2.9) |
Extensively drug-resistant P. aeruginosa, n (%) | 50 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (21.4) | 13 (7.4) | 3 (2.2) | 15 (12.2) | 1 (0.6) |
Appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment, n (%) | 655 (84.7) | 69 (80.2) | 80 (95.2) | 172 (98.3) | 97 (72.4) | 115 (93.5) | 122 (71.3) |
Septic shock at onset, n (%) | 115 (18.0) | 7 (8.1) | 18 (21.4) | 35 (20.0) | NA | 31 (25.2) | 24 (14.0) |
Mortality day 7, n (%) | 120 (15.5) | 7 (8.1) | 18 (21.4) | 31 (17.7) | 14 (10.4) | 31 (25.2) | 19 (11.1) |
Mortality day 30, n (%) | 182 (23.5) | 9 (10.5) | 23 (27.4) | 47 (26.9) | 25 (18.7) | 51 (41.5) | 27 (15.8) |
