Fig. 1: Assessment of mitochondrial respiratory chain integrity in skeletal muscle biopsies from individuals with PD and neurologically healthy controls. | Communications Medicine

Fig. 1: Assessment of mitochondrial respiratory chain integrity in skeletal muscle biopsies from individuals with PD and neurologically healthy controls.

From: Mitochondrial complex I deficiency occurs in skeletal muscle of a subgroup of individuals with Parkinson’s disease

Fig. 1

a Needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle were collected from individuals with PD and neurologically healthy controls. b Respiratory chain analyzes: Quadruple immunohistochemistry was used for quantitative analysis of complexes I and IV (CI and CIV), the mitochondrial mass marker VDAC1, and for identifying single muscle fibers by laminin staining. Scale bar: 200 µm. Cytochrome c oxidase/succinate dehydrogenase (COX/SDH) histochemistry and spectrophotometric mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex activity assays were used for functional analysis of complexes I–IV (CI–IV) and citrate synthase (CS). c mtDNA analyses: The association between the quantity and function of CI and qualitative or quantitative changes in mtDNA was assessed. A subset of PD and control samples was selected for analysis. mtDNA copy number and deletions were assessed by quantitative PCR, and point variations were examined by PCR amplification and ultra-deep DNA sequencing, in both bulk muscle tissue and single muscle fibers. Figure created in BioRender. Kverneng, S. (2025) https://BioRender.com/m04e194.

Back to article page