Fig. 5: Impact of different types of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on the plasma proteome in CHRIS.

COCs with ethinylestradiol induce more pronounced changes in protein abundances compared to those containing bioidentical estrogen, whereas those containing progesterone affect a different set of plasma proteins. a Effect sizes for COCs with ethinylestradiol (n = 248) against effect sizes for COCs with bioidentical estrogen (n = 17). b Effect sizes of COCs with ethinylestradiol against those for progesterone preparations (n = 6). Each point represents data from one protein. Solid black lines represent the linear regression fit to the data points with its slope and p-value shown in the top left corner.