Fig. 3: Overview of replicated Tier 1 controls and ICD10 codes C00–J99 pathogen-disease pairs.
From: A survey of pathogenic involvement in non-communicable human diseases
Heatmap containing all pathogens and diseases, either Tier 1 or with an ICD10 code between C00 and J99, with at least one replicated result. Pathogens are first grouped by type (microbe or virus) and then sub-grouped by family if more than one member is present. Diseases are ordered by International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD10) code, with the Tier 1 positive controls at the top. A histogram opposite to each disease indicates the total number of replicated associations between that disease and all pathogens investigated. Each replicated result for a pathogen-disease pair is represented by a triangle either pointing up (indicating an odds ratio greater than one) or down (indicating an odds ratio less than one). The size of each triangle represents the discovery cohort (UK Biobank, UKB) odds ratio (OR) and is capped at a maximum of 5 to account for the very large effect size between “unspecified hiv disease” and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (OR: 38.2). The color of each triangle represents the UKB negative log base-10 per-disease FDR, capped at a maximum of 2.5 to enable better visual distinction in the region covering all but the eight most significant pathogen-disease pairs. Each triangle is marked with a central dot, the color of which indicates whether the pair is a Tier 1 (gold) or Tier 2 (cyan) positive control, Expected Negative (black) control, or an unknown relationship (green).
