Fig. 5: Orthogonal validation of the EBV/SLE and CMV/UC associations.
From: A survey of pathogenic involvement in non-communicable human diseases
Orthogonal validation of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)/systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (positive control) and cytomegalovirus (CMV)/ulcerative colitis (UC) (new prediction) associations using virus gene expression levels (top) and enrichment of disease risk loci near virus-induced differentially expressed human genes (bottom). a, b Swarm plots showing viral read counts normalized by the size of the viral genome and the total number of human mapped reads in that sample, providing the final ‘Normalized Hit Rate’ calculated by the VIRTUS software package, referred to on the plots as “Gene Expression Level”. Normalized hit rates were compared between cases (red dots) and controls (black dots) using a Mann–Whitney test with the p-values annotated on the plots: SLE versus controls (panel a) and UC versus controls (panel b). Bar plots indicating the enrichment as a -Log10(Corrected RELI p-value) of SLE (left, c) or UC (right, d) genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci proximal to genes with altered expression (purple bars) or unaltered expression (gray bars) after infection by the viruses EBV and CMV, respectively. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) ID and cell type are provided below each plot. The black dashed line indicates statistical significance (p = 0.05).
