Fig. 2: Validation of AI models in separate datasets.

a, b Performance of AI models in the validation assessments. The ploidy statuses of 38 HCCs (determined by chromosome FISH) were compared with the ploidy statuses, as assessed by AI models. ROC curves of the representative AI models are shown in (a). c Prognostic stratification based on ploidy assessments by the AI models. A total of 169 HCCs were analyzed. d Kaplan–Meier curves of overall survival. Statistical difference was determined by log-rank test. The three AI models that identified a significant difference in prognosis between diploid and polyploid HCCs in (c) are shown.