Table 3 Comparison of tumour modelling capabilities between standardized phantom (NEMA IQ), spherical tumour models, 3D-printed tumours, and the NCM technique

From: Development of lesion and organ negative cast modelling technique for quality assurance and optimization of nuclear medicine images

Methodology characteristics

Injectable spheres7,16,52,53

Casted spheres18,47,49

3D Printing9,10,19,20

NCM Technique

Time-efficient

Mitigates cold-shell effect

Simulates complex target regions

Cost-effective