Fig. 3: Serum metabolomics identified dysregulated glutathione and tryptophan metabolism pathways in PCD.

a Serum levels of γ-glutamylcysteine and pyroglutamic acid involved in glutathione metabolism in PCD relative to control. Right panel: schematic of the γ-Glutamyl cycle. b Changes in metabolite levels involved in tryptophan metabolism in PCD relative to control. Right panel: a representation of molecules involved in tryptamine, kynurenine and serotonin pathway of tryptophan metabolism. PCD physio-cognitive decline. The annotated metabolites with direction of changes were indicated with colored arrows in the boxes. Metabolites shown in outlined box without arrows denote detectable but no marked change.