Table 1 Number of detected infections by species and age group

Number of detected infections by species & age group
Species	Host Age Group	Microscopy positive^a	DBS^b	100 μL pRBC^b	Sig.	× increase^c
P. falciparum	All	33	105	139	****	1.32
	6–10 Years	9	22	31	***	1.41
	11–20 Years	12	29	38	****	1.31
	21–39 Years	4	20	29	****	1.45
	≥40 Years	8	34	41	****	1.21
P. malariae	All	2	14	27	****	1.93
	6–10 Years	0	4	6	****	1.50
	11–20 Years	2	8	14	***	1.75
	21–39 Years	0	0	3	ns	4.00^c
	≥40 Years	0	2	4	**	2.00
P. ovale spp.	All	0	4	10	****	2.50
	6–10 Years	0	1	4	ns	4.00
	11–20 Years	0	2	3	**	1.50
	21–39 Years	0	0	1	ns	2.00^c
	≥40 Years	0	1	2	*	2.00

Data shown for Plasmodium spp. detection by species-specific 18S rRNA PCR on DBS and 100 μL-pRBC for N = 188 isolates, stratified by host age (6-10 years (n = 46 isolates), 11–20 years (n = 47 isolates), 21–39 years (n = 44 isolates), and ≥40 years (n = 51 isolates)). A two-sided Fisher’s exact test was used to assess significance in differences between DBS and 100uL-pRBC, with symbols *, **, ***, and **** representing p-value significance levels of 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, and 0.0001, respectively.
^aThis column represents the number of individuals sampled with isolates that were microscopically-positive for Plasmodium spp., predominantly of P. falciparum, including mixed infections.
^bThese columns represent the number of individuals sampled with isolates that were 18S rRNA PCR positive for Plasmodium spp., including mixed infections.
^cFor some groups (marked), due to zero values for DBS, this was calculated with the addition of 1 to each value. E.g. for P. malariae, 21–39 years: ‘× increase’ = (3 + 1)/(0 + 1) = 4.00.

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