Fig. 1: Regional amyloid-β standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and network-based amyloid-β pathology (NAP).

In addition to regional SUVR, the proposed NAP scores incorporate connectome information by using either a connectivity-weighted or centrality-scaled approach. Here, we show a six-region toy network. a Illustration of regional SUVR deposition A_i in region i (i = 1,…, 6). b Connectivity-weighted NAP score quantified the influence of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition within the connected networks. c Centrality-scaled score quantifies the Aβ deposition in the region and scaled it by its centrality in the connectome. Network connectome information can be generated based on either structural connectome (SC) (d) or the functional connectome (FC) (g). d SC is derived from tractography on diffusion tensor imaging data, where the SC matrix was denoted as \({C}_{{ij}}^{S}\). e SC-based connectivity-weighted NAP score of region j quantifies both the Aβ in region j and a weighted sum of Aβ in all other regions based on connectivity values, where the whole process was denoted as matrix multiplication of \({A}_{i}\times \left({C}_{{ij}}^{S}+I\right)\). f SC-based centrality-scaled NAP score of region i is quantified by a Hadamard product of regional SUVR measure and connectivity centrality \({A}_{i}\odot (\mathop{\sum }_{j}^{6}{C}_{ij}^{s})\). g FC is computed from statistical dependency on functional MRI data. For the connectivity-weighted (h) and centrality-scaled pathology (i), FC-based NAP scores are computed in the same way as the SC-based approach, but with FC denoted as \({C}_{{ij}}^{F}\).