Fig. 4: Association of mental health and metabolic signatures with the risk of MASLD.
From: Association between mental health and MASLD molecular insights through metabolomics
a Anxiety, this analysis included n = 17,596 participants with complete anxiety assessment data. b Depression, this analysis included n = 30,798 participants with complete depression assessment data. c Trauma, this analysis included n = 55,012 participants with complete trauma assessment data. d Mania, this analysis included n = 15,318 participants with complete mania assessment data. Forest plot shows the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals for the association between the metabolic signature of anxiety and incident MASLD. The vertical line of no effect (HR = 1) is indicated. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to investigate the association between mental health and metabolic signatures and the risk of developing MASLD. Model 1 was adjusted for age and gender. Model 2 further adjusted for age, sex, education level, household income, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diabetes, and sleep time. Model 3 was a multivariate model that included adjustments for both mental health and metabolic signatures, allowing for an exploration of their independent effects on MASLD. A p-value threshold of <0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. The HR and their 95% CI for each model are provided in the supplementary material of Fig. 4.
