Table 3 Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and risk of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease in the offspringa

From: Maternal mid-pregnancy dietary patterns and inflammatory bowel disease in offspring from a prospective cohort study

 

Diverse dietary pattern (n = 8388)

Non-recommended dietary pattern (n = 14,110)

Mediterranean dietary pattern (n = 14,700)

Animal-based dietary pattern (n = 3808)

Western dietary pattern (n = 15,091)

Inflammatory bowel disease

 Cases

16

46

39

9

51

 Unadjusted HR (95% CI)

0.58 (0.33–1.01)

0.97 (0.65–1.45)

0.81 (0.53–1.23)

0.72 (0.35–1.45)

Reference

 Adjusted HR (95% CI)b

0.55 (0.31–0.97)

1.08 (0.70–1.66)

0.87 (0.56–1.35)

0.76 (0.37–1.56)

Reference

Crohn’s disease

 Cases

<10c

31

23

<10c

24

 Unadjusted HR (95% CI)

0.69 (0.32–1.48)

1.40 (0.82–2.38)

1.02 (0.57–1.80)

0.34 (0.08–1.43)

Reference

 Adjusted HR (95% CI)b

0.67 (0.31–1.45)

1.41 (0.79–2.53)

0.98 (0.54–1.78)

0.34 (0.08–1.44)

Reference

Ulcerative colitis

 Cases

<10c

15

16

<10c

27

 Unadjusted HR (95% CI)

0.48 (0.21–1.10)

0.60 (0.32–1.13)

0.63 (0.34–1.17)

1.05 (0.46–2.42)

Reference

 Adjusted HR (95% CI)b

0.44 (0.19–1.03)

0.73 (0.37–1.44)

0.77 (0.40–1.48)

1.20 (0.52–2.80)

Reference

  1. CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio.
  2. aHRs refer to offspring’s disease risk associated with the specific dietary pattern relative to the Western dietary pattern.
  3. bAdjusted for maternal educational level, pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking during pregnancy, nutritional supplement use during pregnancy, energy intake during pregnancy, antibiotics use during pregnancy, and parental inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis.
  4. cData presented as <10 to comply with General Data Protection Regulation guidelines and protect individual privacy.
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