Table 3 Results of two-way repeated measures ANOVA analysis in 4 groups (intention-to-treat analysis)

Variables

3 times/day & everyday

3 times/day & 3 days/week

once/day & everyday

once/day & 3 days/week

F

p

ηp²

F

p

ηp²

Number of frailty criteria

−0.357 (−0.787, 0.073)^a

−0.600 (−1.255, 0.055)

−0.571 (−1.379, 0.236)

−0.600 (−1.008, −0.192)

14.803

<0.001

0.215

0.212

0.888

0.012

SMI (kg/m²)

−0.017 (−0.316, 0.282)^b

0.083 (−0.102, 0.268)

−0.027 (−0.134, 0.079)

0.021 (−0.377, 0.418)

0.121

0.729

0.002

0.720

0.545

0.041

Number of present teeth (n)

−0.071 (−0.300, 0.157)

0.000 (0.000, 0.000)

0.000 (0.000, 0.000)

0.000 (0.000, 0.000)

1.074

0.305

0.020

0.043

0.988

0.002

Number of functional teeth (n)

−0.071 (−0.300, 0.157)

0.000 (0.000, 0.000)

0.000 (0.000, 0.000)

0.000 (0.000, 0.000)

1.074

0.305

0.020

1.517

0.221

0.078

Number of Oral hypofunction criteria

−0.500 (−1.304, 0.304)

−0.333 (−1.386, 0.719)

−0.643 (−1.735, 0.449)

−0.933 (−1.717, −0.150)

16.456

<0.001

0.234

1.769

0.164

0.090

MNA

−0.214 (−2.583, 2.154)

0.833 (−1.696, 3.363)

−0.393 (−1.949, 1.163)

−0.133 (−1.730, 1.463)

0.005

0.943

0.000

0.597

0.620

0.032

Social frailty score

−0.143 (−0.600, 0.314)

−0.133 (−1.194, 0.928)

−0.071 (−0.477, 0.334)

−0.200 (−0.967, 0.567)

1.371

0.247

0.025

3.006

0.038

0.143

GDS15

0.429 (−1.336, 2.193)

0.067 (−1.869, 2.002)

0.214 (−1.215, 1.643)

−0.333 (−2.569, 1.902)

0.100

0.753

0.002

1.431

0.244

0.074