Table 2 Synthesis parameters with thermodynamic competition analysis and experimental results for LiFePO4 synthesis

From: Optimal thermodynamic conditions to minimize kinetic by-products in aqueous materials synthesis

ID

[Li]

[Fe]

[P]

pH

E (V)

ΔΦ (meV per atom)

Product

B1

0.75

0.25

0.15

12.35

−0.74

1

LiFe5O8 and Li3PO4

B2

0.75

0.25

0.27

9.27

−0.56

−71

LiFePO4

B3

0.75

0.25

0.28

8.29

−0.50

−58

LiFePO4

B4

0.75

0.25

0.29

7.21

−0.44

−43

LiFePO4

B5

0.75

0.25

0.44

6.00

−0.37

−29

LiFePO4

B6

0.75

0.25

0.69

5.13

−0.31

−19

Fe5H10P4O20

B7

0.75

0.25

1.82

0.95

−0.07

44

Fe3(PO4)2·3H2O

  1. The concentrations are reported in molarity (mol l−1), calculated on the assumption that all the precursors are completely dissociated. The specific amount of precursors can be found in Methods. The pH values are experimentally measured. The redox potentials are estimated based on glucose oxidation45.
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