Extended Data Fig. 1: Maps of excess mortalities of cardiovascular diseases (per million persons) stratified by COVID-19 death wave in the United States.

The excess morality estimates include (a) overall cardiovascular diseases and (b) ischemic heart disease. The gradient colors from blue to red indicate the excess mortality estimates varied from negative to positive values across states. ‘Overall’ refers to the period from March 1, 2020, to March 26, 2022. The five waves were defined as Wave I (Week 10 March 1, 2020, to Week 23 June 6 2020), Wave II (Week 24 June 7 2020 to Week 40 October 3 2020), Wave III (Week 41 October 4 2020 to Week 25 June 26 2021), Wave IV (Week 26 June 27 2021 to Week 47 November 27 2021), and Wave V (Week 48 November 28 2021 to Week 12 March 26 2022) according to COVID-19 death waves in the United States.