Extended Data Fig. 10: Support for causal effect of MDD on CVDs when adjusting for individual risk factors. | Nature Cardiovascular Research

Extended Data Fig. 10: Support for causal effect of MDD on CVDs when adjusting for individual risk factors.

From: Distinct biological signature and modifiable risk factors underlie the comorbidity between major depressive disorder and cardiovascular disease

Extended Data Fig. 10: Support for causal effect of MDD on CVDs when adjusting for individual risk factors.

Results from multivariable MR. Points and error bars represent mean effect size (regression coefficient) and 95% CIs. IVW estimate shown. Reference estimates of the association without any adjustment are printed in black. Sample sizes for GWAS summary statistics are reported in Supplementary Table 1. The term beta refers to the log odds ratio. AF=Atrial Fibrillation; CAD=Coronary Artery Disease; Child. Mal.=Childhood Maltreatment; CRP=C-Reactive Protein; DBP=Diastolic Blood Pressure; Edu=Educational attainment; HDL=High-Density Lipoprotein; HF=Heart Failure; IL6=Interleukin-6; LDL=Low-Density Lipoprotein; MDD=Major Depressive Disorder; NonHDL=Non-High-Density Lipoprotein; PAD=Peripheral Artery Disease; Phys. Act.=Physical activity; PP=Pulse Pressure; Psychosocial=Psychosocial/lifestyle; SBP=Systolic Blood Pressure; T2D=Type II Diabetes; TC=Total Cholesterol; TG=Triglycerides.

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