Fig. 2: CFD and postprocessing methodological overview.
From: Left atrial wall shear stress correlates with fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation
a, Derivation of patient-specific mitral flow velocity from phase-contrast CMR imaging with adaptation to an AF mitral velocity waveform (dashed line) by removing the A-wave, if required. b, Example of the boundary conditions and flow extensions on a 3D mesh. c, Methodological steps of the unfolding procedure to generate the 2D maps through a standardized atrial atlas. d, Regions of the 2D atrial maps. PC-MRI, phase-contrast MRI; V(t), time-dependent flow velocity; P, pressure; LAA, left atrial appendage; RSPV, right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV, right inferior pulmonary vein; LSPV, left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV, left inferior pulmonary vein.
