Table 1 Results of baseline and IV regressions

From: From data to decarbonization: the digital economy’s role in reducing carbon emissions intensity and advancing environmental justice

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

 

CO2/GDP

CO2/GDP

DIGIT

CO2/GDP

CO2/GDP

CO2/GDP

DIGIT

−0.3991***

−0.8415**

 

−3.3515***

−0.4405**

−2.1429**

 

(0.0189)

(0.3111)

 

(0.9463)

(0.1728)

(0.6222)

IV

  

0.0064***

   
   

(0.0014)

   

Ind

    

−0.7489***

−0.6653***

     

(0.1208)

(0.1175)

Pop

    

−0.1305**

−0.1344**

     

(0.0425)

(0.0455)

Urban

    

0.1013

0.1352*

     

(0.0603)

(0.0661)

Fis

    

0.3340**

0.3101**

     

(0.1431)

(0.1172)

Ele

    

0.0029

0.0029

     

(0.0136)

(0.0136)

Open

    

0.1643**

0.1953***

     

(0.0494)

(0.0553)

Tech

    

−0.0044

−0.0048

     

(0.0044)

(0.0043)

_cons

0.4752***

0.5923***

0.1238***

 

4.4795***

 
 

(0.0048)

(0.0823)

(0.0352)

 

(0.6967)

 

City Fixed Effect

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

Year Fixed Effect

NO

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

Kleibergen–Paap rk LM statistic

   

5.049

 

4.970

    

{0.0246}

 

{0.0258}

Cragg-Donald Wald F statistic

   

72.941

 

67.090

    

[8.96]

 

[8.96]

N

2529

2529

2280

2248

2529

2248

Root MSE

0.0418

0.0415

0.0090

0.04189

0.0337

0.03178

  1. *, **, *** represent the statistically significant at 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively. Standard errors in () are adopted 2-way robust clustered at year and city levels. The figures in {} is the P statistics of Kleibergen–Paap rk LM test with the null hypothesis is the IV cannot be fully identified. The figures in [] is the critical value of Cragg-Donald Wald F test at 15% maximal IV size, proposed by Stock-Yogo (2005)112. MSE is shortened for Mean Square Error.
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