Table 12 Definition of main variables

From: From data to decarbonization: the digital economy’s role in reducing carbon emissions intensity and advancing environmental justice

Name

Definition

Source

CO2GDP

ln(CO2 emissions per GDP + 1).

ODIAC2020b (2011–2019); China City Statistical Yearbook (2011–2019).

DIGIT

See Section 3.2 and we use its logarithmic form.

Calculated by authors.

Ind

ln(proportion of added value of secondary industry and tertiary industry on GDP + 1).

China City Statistical Yearbook (2011-2019).

Pop

ln(annual average population+1).

 

Urban

ln(proportion of non-agricultural population on total+1).

 

Fis

ln(ratio of fiscal expenditure on GDP + 1).

 

Ele

ln(annual electricity consumption+1).

 

Open

ln(ratio of import and export volume of goods on GDP + 1).

 

Tech

ln(number of patents granted+1).

 
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