Fig. 3: Robot self-replication and hierarchy.

A Image stills in sequential order (1–6) of robot self-replication simulation (see Movie S2) according to the assembly sequence in Algorithm S1. B Proposed design for carrier robots of size R (H = 1), R2 (H = 2) and R4 (H = 3) that can carry hierarchical cubic building blocks of size 1, 2, and 4, respectively.