Fig. 1: Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing Process.
From: Physics-Informed Bayesian learning of electrohydrodynamic polymer jet printing dynamics
a Solution electrospinning (SES) vs. melt electrospinning (MES). The main differentiating feature between the two processes is the extent of the jet instabilities that arise from the electrostatic forces acting at the polymer jet-air interface. For MES, the chaotic jet regime is limited close to the grounded collector plate due to the high viscosity and dielectric properties of the pure polymer melt (external heat (red flame) applied on the syringe barrel (red-yellow arrows)). b Melt electrowriting (MEW) and its operating principle that is based on the direct writing of melt electrospun fibers on a grounded collector plate that is mounted on a cartesian x-y robotic stage. Different fiber topographies can be achieved during printing by tuning the translational collector speed, \({U}_{c}\) [mm s−1] in each axis. Straight fiber topographies can be achieved at the critical collector speed \({U}_{{cr}}\) [mm s−1] with a jet deposition position right below the needle tip. At collector speeds considerably higher than the critical collector speed, a jet lag phenomenon is observed due to excess stretching of the viscoelastic jet.
