Fig. 4: Experimental validation of the ToSCom system.

a The experiments are performed using a commercially available touchscreen module, TI Captivate BSWP. The positions of touch on the touchscreen surface are illustrated. b Experimental results of channel loss for 4 configurations show that the small electrode configuration has the optimal channel loss response. c The variation of path loss for changing posture and environments is illustrated to show the functioning of the ToSCom system in different operational conditions. d Bit-error-rate (BER) for all 4 configurations are measured for around 10⁷ bits. The small electrode configuration has the lowest average BER. A concept figure for BER as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is illustrated to show the trends in BER for all configurations. The channel characteristics are illustrated for edge cases (shaded region) to show the variations in BER across different configurations. e The experiments and demonstrations (Supplementary Video 1 and Supplementary Note 3⁴²) were performed for a data rate of 3 Mbps. A sample of the 3 Mbps transmitted waveform measured from the WiR evaluation kit and the same signal after it is passed through the body channel is illustrated.