Fig. 4: Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and hand activity level (HAL) score distributions.
From: Data-driven ergonomic risk assessment of complex hand-intensive manufacturing processes
Histograms of RULA (a, b) and HAL (c, d) risk scores, categorized as low (green), medium (yellow) and high (red), are presented across all participants, with the number of occurrences (frequency) on the y-axis. A significant portion of RULA scores fall in the medium risk range, indicating the need for operators to bend while applying force during layup. However, HAL scores most frequently fall in the high-risk category, highlighting frequent crossing of safe thresholds during composite hand layup.
