Fig. 9: Additional comparative analysis of hand motion-based ergonomic scores.
From: Data-driven ergonomic risk assessment of complex hand-intensive manufacturing processes
RULA, HAL, and BACH scores are shown from two selected trials along with the corresponding frames of interest from the digital camera. a BACH score fluctuates through task sequence: high during pressing, low during smoothing, rising with fingertip work, increasing with whole-hand pressure, and peaking with forward-leaning body weight application. b Task progresses from minimal wrist torque during material holding, to fingertip precision work, then whole-hand pressure, before shifting to lighter thumb pressing and final pinching motion. HAL shows delayed response to movement intensity, while RULA reflects upper body engagement.
