Fig. 4: Demonstration of the 4D reconstruction for a quasi-reproducible process.
From: 4D-ONIX for reconstructing 3D movies from sparse X-ray projections via deep learning

In this demonstrating experiment, the droplet on the right is bigger and moves faster than the one on the left. The seven timestamps shown here depict different stages of the droplet collision process. The two projections are shown in rows 1–2, corresponding to 0° and 23.8°, respectively. The top view and side view of the 3D ground truth are shown in rows 3–4. The top and side views of the 4D-ONIX reconstructions are shown in rows 5–6. The bottom two rows show the Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Dissimilarity Structure Similarity Index Metric (DSSIM) between the 4D-ONIX reconstruction and the ground truth for each corresponding timestamp.