Fig. 1: Schematic illustrating the three modulators analyzed.
From: Addressing optical modulator non-linearities for photonic neural networks
a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. b Micro-ring modulator. c Ring-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer. t and k indicate the coupling coefficients of the waveguide to the ring, a the single-pass transmission, and θ the DC phase shift introduced by the modulator arm without the ring.
