Fig. 5: Microbial diversity and community dynamics.

a Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) on amplicon sequence variant (ASV) level. b Venn diagram on ASV level. c The main phyla in pilot-scale system. d Changes in abundance of functional bacteria at genus level. e The relative abundance of nitrogen- and phosphorus-removing microbial taxa in the mixed sludge of the pilot-scale system. f Differential distribution of functional microbial groups between granular sludge and suspended flocs. Granule micro-granule sludge in pilot-scale system, Floc suspended sludge in pilot-scale system, GAOs glycogen-accumulating organisms, DNB denitrifying bacteria, PAOs polyphosphate-accumulating organisms, AOB ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, NOB nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, DPAOs denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating organisms.