Fig. 7: Micro-granule and floc composite sludge system driven by micron-medium and microbial synergy mechanism.

AAO-MMBCS system anaerobic–anoxic–oxic micron-medium biofilm composite sludge system, GAOs glycogen-accumulating organisms, DNB denitrifying bacteria, PAOs polyphosphate-accumulating organisms, AOB ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, NOB nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, DPAOs denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating organisms, EPS extracellular polymeric substances, PolyP polyphosphate, ATP adenosine triphosphate. ADP adenosine diphosphate.