Fig. 4: Experimental demonstrations of artificial spacetimes.
From: Artificial spacetimes for reactive control of resource-limited robots

a A silicon-based microrobot with two electrokinetic motors and differential drive kinematics and an optical setup that creates spatially varying intensity fields. b Experimental demonstrations of various control metrics implemented as intensity fields (top) compared to simulation results (bottom). In the 90° and double 90° turning metric experiments, the simulated traces in red most closely match the initial pose of the experimental demonstration above.