Table 3 Depression and suicidality scores of the four ANS clusters

From: Electrocardiography-derived autonomic profiles in depression and suicide risk with insights from the UK Biobank

 

MP-Cluster N = 3731

HRS-Cluster N = 5158

LRS-Cluster N = 5339

HP-Cluster N = 1540

overall P-value

pairwise

Ever depressed

Prolonged loss of interest in normal activities - col%

38.17

34.92

38.47

37.40

0.001

MP, LRS > HRS

Prolonged feelings of sadness or depression - col%

52.88

50.95

55.00

54.61

<0.001

LRS > MP; HRS, HP > HRS

Feelings of tiredness - col%

43.45

39.65

44.41

43.29

<0.001

MP; LRS,HP > HRS

Weight change - col%

30.15

26.60

31.78

30.83

<0.001

MP; LRS,HP > HRS

Difficulty concentrating - col%

40.22

38.63

42.24

41.45

0.003

LRS > HRS

Feelings of worthlessness - col%

28.14

24.73

26.94

29.69

<0.001

MP, LRS, HP > HRS; LRS > HP

Thoughts of death - col%

26.19

25.33

28.35

26.42

0.006

LRS > MP, HRS

Sleep change - col%

41.22

39.41

42.03

41.61

0.060

LRS > HRS

CIDI-SF Depression – yes - col%

22.25

20.43

23.13

22.86

0.007

MP, LRS, HP > HRS

Recent depression and suicidality (PHQ-9)

Lack of interest or pleasure in doing things - M ± SD

0.21 ± 0.52

0.19 ± 0.50

0.23 ± 0.56

0.20 ± 0.50

0.005

LRS > HRS

Feelings of depression - M ± SD

0.24 ± 0.52

0.22 ± 0.51

0.25 ± 0.54

0.21 ± 0.48

0.007

LRS > HRS, HP

Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much - M ± SD

0.69 ± 0.87

0.65 ± 0.86

0.71 ± 0.89

0.65 ± 0.86

0.001

LRS > HRS

Feelings of tiredness or low energy - M ± SD

0.59 ± 0.76

0.57 ± 0.75

0.64 ± 0.81

0.59 ± 0.75

<0.001

LRS > MP, HRS

Poor appetite or overeating - M ± SD

0.22 ± 0.56

0.20 ± 0.55

0.27 ± 0.65

0.21 ± 0.56

<0.001

LRS > MP, HRS, HP

Feelings of inadequacy - M ± SD

0.25 ± 0.58

0.22 ± 0.54

0.24 ± 0.58

0.24 ± 0.56

0.027

MP > HRS

Trouble concentrating on things - M ± SD

0.21 ± 0.51

0.20 ± 0.51

0.23 ± 0.54

0.20 ± 0.51

0.043

 

Changes in speed/amount of moving or speaking - M ± SD

0.05 ± 0.28

0.06 ± 0.29

0.06 ± 0.30

0.04 ± 0.24

0.110

 

Thoughts of suicide or self-harm - M ± SD

0.04 ± .26

0.05 ± 0.26

0.04 ± 0.25

0.03 ± .22

0.491

 

PHQ-9 sum score

2.49 ± 3.33

2.35 ± 3.29

2.67 ± 3.59

2.37 ± 3.12

<0.001

LRS > HRS, HP

PHQ-9 severity categories - col%

None

81.72

83.29

80.28

83.12

0.003

LRS > MP > HRS; LRS > HP

Mild

13.59

12.64

14.31

12.86

Moderate

3.38

2.58

3.58

2.99

Moderately severe/severe

1.31

1.49

1.84

1.04

Ever suicidal

Ever thought that life not worth living - col%

30.91

28.16

30.30

29.34

0.024

MP, LRS > HRS

Ever self-harmed - col%

4.75

2.85

4.26

4.36

<0.001

MP, LRS, HP > HRS

Ever contemplated self-harm - col%

15.20

12.88

14.56

15.03

0.008

MP, LRS, HP > HRS

  1. MP medium parasympathetic, HRS high relative sympathetic, LRS low relative sympathetic, HP high parasympathetic, Col% column Percent, CIDI-SF Composite International Diagnostic Interview—Short Form, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9, M mean, SD standard deviation.
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